Everyone, Peter Zeihan here coming to you from St. John’s Cathedral in Detroit, which is also a resort because modern Catholicism, anyway, I thought it would be a great backdrop to talk about the United Kingdom in our post-America series.

The United Kingdom is one of those countries that is not really going to emerge into a post-American world, because they’ve got some really interesting decisions to make. I’m pretty sure I know how it’s going to go. So backdrop, two things, first economy, the British system never really adapted to the end of empire, they do all the high value-added stuff, and they import a lot of the raw materials and some of their base manufactured goods, things that they’re not very good at, because they’re good at the really high precision stuff. And when the [British] Empire ended, and they joined Europe, all they did was kind of switch one empire for another, and relied upon the European continent for things like foodstuffs and wood products and automotives. They never made the transition that all the other former imperial powers did. And so when Brexit happened, they find themselves in a bit of a lurch. So that’s kind of the economic side of things.

On the security side of things, they are an island, and islands are worried about one thing: other countries developing navies that might allow an invasion. So they’ve always looked at the major powers of the Eurasian landmass with more than just suspicion, outright fear and concern, whether it’s Nazi Germany or Soviet Russia, or whatever, Napoleon, and on and on. But that doesn’t mean that they like non-military superpowers. So when folks in the European Union start talking about ever closer union and maybe having a common defense identity, they get a little squeamish, and they want to keep things within NATO, where they’ve got veto power.

So that’s the economic, that’s the security, you play that forward to where we are right now, and they’re in a bit of a pickle. Demographically, the European Union is on its final legs. Most of the major powers, especially Germany and Italy, are gonna be aging into obsolescence within a decade, and most of the remaining countries within two. And I don’t mean to suggest that the UK has a super healthy demography, but it is like the second healthiest within the union. So when the Brits started talking about Brexit a decade ago, I was like, okay, I can understand the conversation, getting a jump on what’s next, leaving the sinking ship that is the economic aspect of the European Union. That makes some sense. But here we are seven years after Brexit, and the Brits are still trying to figure out what Brexit means, we still don’t have a meaningful policy for how they should go into the new world.

And they really only have two choices. Option one, since they haven’t done that economic change post-Imperial era, is to find a new empire, and go out and cut a series of deals with a series of countries that have young demographics that can provide them with raw materials, and on and on and on. The problem is they can’t do it like they did before. Before, the secret of the British Empire, the reason that they ruled the world for the better part of two centuries, is they were in the early days of the Industrial Era, and no one else had caught up. So they were able to use the order of magnitude greater economic intensity of early industrialization, and the three orders of magnitude better power projection of military technologies to dominate wherever they went with a very small number of people. Well, that’s not the world we’re in anymore. You can’t go into a place like India with 50,000 people and conquer it like you could two, three centuries ago. Not to mention that the Indians wouldn’t let it happen.

So the idea that the Brits, as a mid-sized power, can be the center of a global trade node, that’s a bit of a stretch. I don’t want to say it’s impossible, because weirder things have happened in the last few years. But it’s difficult to see enough countries signing on to the idea of British preeminence when the Brits can’t force the issue.

The second issue is to partner with a singular large, wealthy country that has better demographic structures and shares the United Kingdom’s overall security concerns about united Eurasia as a military power. And the only country that scratches that itch is the United States.

Now, it’s not like what the Brexiters here said, that they can just waltz into Washington and ask for a free trade deal that is better than the white guy from the EU. No, no, no, no. When it comes to trade deals, the United States is very specific. And it doesn’t like to bring in systems that could compete with [them] in any meaningful way. And that would mean that the Brits have to accede to American demands on any number of sectors, from agriculture, to finance, to manufacturing, hell, we might even make them get rid of the metric system if we’re in a bad mood.

Now, when the Johnson administration in Britain came over to talk to Donald Trump’s administration about a trade deal, and they found out what the conditions would be, they walked away. And then the next government came in and did the same thing and walked away, or was it Theresa May, anyway, there were two back to back. And so the Brits right now are in this netherworld where they kind of quietly admit to themselves that in order to find a future that has some degree of economic functionality, they have to get into bed with their kids, and accept all the demands, and the hit to their economy will be real. And the hit to their ego will be massive.

But the alternative, trying to build an alternate system, or maybe going back to the EU, neither of those are long-term solutions that are very functional. So really, what we’re doing is going through the paces until the Brits admit the obvious, and when that happens, Britain will lose the thing that it values the most: its freedom to act, its agency. It will become a subsidiary of the American system, for better or for worse. And while that will be horrible for the British mindset, it is the best game in town from both an economic and a security point of view, and in time, I have no doubt that that is where the Brits will end up. So, stiff upper lip.