Hey everybody, Peter Zion and coming to you from the ever increasingly foggy document trail. This is the next in our ask Peter series that was born out of my airline delay. Today. The question is about Joe Manchin, the Republican or certainly the Democrat from West Virginia, who has managed to insert a couple of clauses into the deal with the White House to extend the debt ceiling. Specifically, it’s something that I mentioned has been after a while, which is permitting and federal approval to get a new pipeline built through West Virginia to ship natural gas.

Environmentalists hate it because natural gas, pro fossil fuel folks obviously think it’s okay. The truth is that everyone’s right, I mean, everyone’s wrong. So let me kind of laid out what it means.

Let’s start with the green side, for those of you who think that solar and wind is the future of energy, and that any sort of fossil fuel is just antithetical to that future, you’re clearly very bad at math. Just think of every day in your life, when the sun goes down, solar no longer works. And while you can use batteries a little bit, the United States right now has less than a couple minutes of battery storage.

And there is not enough lithium on the planet for the United States to get to four hours of battery storage. And we don’t have a battery chemistry that would allow us to go not just through the night, but through the winter. And through periods, where there’s usually not a lot of sun, which if you live in the American Northeast is the vast majority of the year. So you need a complimentary power source that can work with solar and wind. And the best way to do that is with natural gas, you basically use solar when it’s available, and you have a combined cycle natural gas that can plant they can spin up in 10 to 15 minutes, whenever the gets cloudy, or whenever the sun goes down, you know, every day,

for the foreseeable future until we have a better better technology, or better solar, or probably better wind is what would get there first. This is just where we’re going to go. So if you want to build solar, and wind without a complementary system, you’re then basically forcing anyone who needs emergency power to use a diesel generator. And as we’ve seen, in the case of Germany, they have used lignite coal as the backup and you can’t spin that up and down in 1015 minutes, you have to leave that on the whole time. So despite $2 trillion in green tech build out, Germany’s carbon emissions have actually gone up. So you know, there’s a problem. Now, for those of you on the fossil fuel side who say that intermittency of solar and wind means that it’s not a viable power source. And it can only exist with subsidies, you’re not very good with math, either. Solar and wind in the right geographies are now the cheapest way of generating power on an hour by hour basis. Now, hour by hour being the key word there, there’s something that some folks like us called the levelized cost of operation, meaning that you average the cost out over the 24, hour three to 24, hour, day three and a 65 day a year period, that’s really not a great measure. Because when the sun stops shining, the power goes down to zero, you still need it. And that’s not reflected in the levelized cost. Or at least not sufficiently, in my opinion. Because you know, when you don’t have power, and you need power, you will pay whatever you have to do to get power.

There are parts of the country that can do more of one or the other. So if you’re in the American northeast, which is neither sunny nor windy, you know, fossil fuels are going to be a much bigger part of your power mix going forward, then it can be in the rest of the world. However, if you’re in the southwest, you’re in a place that has great sun. And if you were the Southwest overlaps with the Great Plains, you great great sun and wind. And that means ultimately, more and more and more things like what mansion is after, keep in mind, the pipeline he was in so much in love with the way he wants to get this done is not just a one off approval for a pipeline across the state line. He wants that for all energy infrastructure. And obviously, the green cell is think This only means pipes. But it also means power lines. Because if we’re going to move to a cleaner, greener future, we have to be able to move electrons from where they can be generated with solar and wind to where we actually live. And since the single largest concentration of population is on the American north east coast, and that’s where none of the green power comes from. we’re ultimately going to have to run this in by wire from other places. So we need more and more transmission more than we need something like batteries right now, at least with today’s technology. So the future of American electricity isn’t green, but it’s also not fossil fuels. It’s both. I’m okay with that.