Hey everybody, Peter Zeihan here coming to you from Colorado. I’ve had a lot of people write in with questions about what’s going on in the Ukraine front, specifically what’s going on in the Battle of Avdiivka. This is a battle that’s been churning for few months already. And it’s happened in a series of very discreet phases. Basically, this is a spot in southeastern Ukraine that the Russians are trying to capture from Ukraine. And it has some significant strategic implications. If the if the Russians were able to capture it, they would be able to target a number of logistical hubs that the Ukrainians have been using very heavily in their counter-offensives. So it’s not a nothing battle. It’s not an ego battle, like we saw in Bakhmut last year with Russian mercenaries, this is a real fight. And it’s, it’s a bloody one.

It’s happening in a number of phases. First, the Russians tried to use tanks to capture it. Then they sent human waves in, which did as well against in-place machine guns as it did back in World War One and World War Two. When that didn’t work, they sent hundreds of drones, and now they’re trying these kinds of combined armored infantry thrusts. Lots of bodies. It has been the only place that the Russians have been attacking, and reading between the lines of both Russian and government statements, and private statements on both sides, as well as third-party estimates, whether it’s from Turkey, China, or Britain, it looks like the Ukrainians have been inflicting a 5:1 casualty ratio upon the Russians, which is just horrific. But in terms of equipment, in terms of like tanks and APCs, it’s more like 10:1. Now, from the Russian point of view, this is not necessarily a disaster. This is kind of par for the course, not in terms of the numbers, but just kind of the impact of it. Ever since the Russians failed with that initial thunder run to Kyiv at the beginning of the war, the Russians have always known that this was going to be a battle of attrition, for public support, for numbers of troops, for amount of equipment. And in that, they definitely have the advantage, even giving the Ukrainians the most positive spin. Ukraine has less than 1/3 of the population of Russia, and less than 1/8 of the industrial plant. And in terms of the order of battle that was inherited from the Soviet Union, it’s more like a 30:1 ratio. Russia was the primary successor state, and they got all the good stuff, so to speak. And so in any battle of numbers, the Ukrainians are going to have a very, very steep road to hoe here.

But from the Russian point of view, this is kind of built in. Russia is in controlled information space, so you don’t necessarily have to worry about public uprisings. Until till you do, but we’re not there yet. And that means they can just keep pulling tanks out to refurbish them and sending them into the front without having to necessarily spin up their own military industrial plant to make new tanks. And they’re doing that too. Now, they’re certainly burning through them 5-10 times as fast as they can bring them online. But they’re starting from a deep well of something like 16,000 [or] 18,000 tanks at the beginning of the war, they’ve lost less than 2,000 at this point, so they can keep this going for a very long time. In addition, the Russians have never ever, ever claimed to be the technological superpower. In any age, they have always fought on the numbers. And it has done them well against the, against the Nazis, that were oftentimes battles where they suffered four and five times as many casualties that they still won in the end, because they ultimately just had a much deeper bench of people. And so they’ve never focused on quality over quantity, because as Stalin said, quantity is a quality all its own. And they’ve known this from the beginning. So when they see the bad numbers rolling in from places like Avdiivka, there’s kind of a shrug, and they’re just, you know, throwing some more meat to the grinder.

That doesn’t mean there aren’t challenges. That doesn’t mean there aren’t complications. And this is absolutely why the Ukrainians are trying to turn this into a war of movement and a war of logistics. But from the Russians point of view, this is a very comfortable place to fight a war even with these sorts of horrific numbers. The difference this time around, of course, is that this is the last time they can do this. The bottom fell out of the Russian birthrate back in the 1990s, which means it’s already been 25 years since a large crop of people were born. And so they’re running out of people in their 20s. They started this war with 8 million men in the Russians started this war with about 8 million men in their 20s, 1 million have already been killed or removed from active combat roles because of injuries, and another million have fled the country. So at current pace, the Russians can maintain this for another four or five years, both in terms of equipment and manpower. And that’s when things get sketchy. Whether or not Ukraine can last that long. You know, we’ll see. It does mean, however, that this is the last war that the Russian could fight at this scale. There just isn’t a replacement generation.

Now whether this is good or bad for the Ukrainians, of course, depends on how you want to look at the situation. The Ukrainians certainly don’t have as many men, they absolutely don’t have as much equipment. They’re absolutely dependent upon third countries, like most of the NATO forces, to supply them with the hardware that they need. And in a war of attrition, that’s kind of a problem. Because NATO wasn’t designed to fight a war of attrition. It was designed to hold the line against the Soviets for just long enough for the Americans with a technological superiority to cross the Atlantic in force. Well, Ukraine’s not a NATO country. And so we’re nearing the bottom of the barrel for a lot of the tertiary countries across the NATO alliance. And the Germans never had anything. So we’re really starting to get into the stuff that really, really matters in a lot of these secondary countries like Poland or France. And very soon, if NATO doesn’t like massively spin up their military industrial complex themselves, they’re gonna have a choice between denuding their own stockpiles or supplying the Ukrainians. They’ll probably settle for some version of both.

But again, as long as the Russians are fighting a war of attrition that they’re comfortable with, that’s a bit of a problem. But the real issue is the numbers. We talk about the thunder runs of the Russians going down to Kyiv failing. But what we’ve forgotten is that after a couple of amazing successes the Ukrainians had last year, the Ukrainians have not been able to return the favor. If the Ukrainians cannot turn this into a war of movement and logistics, then it is by default a war of attrition. And if this is a war of attrition, then Avdiivka is about the minimum level of success that the Ukrainians need to achieve, five times as many men, ten times as much equipment, they need to do that 100 more times to defeat the Russians in a war of attrition, and that is a extremely tall order.