The debate over TikTok in Congress has brought data collection and storage to the forefront of the national conversation. Lawmakers expressed serious concern that the Chinese government could access Americans’ data.
However, the U.S. government does something similar during criminal investigations and it’s common for the target of the warrant to not know. So a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced a bill to rein in the practice to make sure it isn’t abused.
Here’s how it works:
The government can obtain a warrant requiring electronic communications service providers like Verizon and AT&T to hand over their customers’ personal records. If the government believes notifying the customer may jeopardize its investigation, it can also get a non-disclosure order (NDO), which prohibits the company from informing the customer.
While the move is legal, NDOs were originally intended to be used in limited circumstances when investigations require secrecy. However, now the orders are used thousands of times per year.
“In the 21st century, federal prosecutors no longer need to show up to your office,” said Rep. Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., who sponsored the bill in the House. “They just need to raid your virtual office. They just need to go to the cloud.”
The bill already passed the House unanimously, and it just got introduced in the Senate by Sens. Mike Lee, R-Utah, and Chris Coons, D-Del.
“The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from unreasonable searches and seizures, but individuals can only assert their rights if they are aware that their electronic records have been collected,” Coons said in a statement. “The current bar for granting non-disclosure orders is too low.”
The bill would raise the current standard of proof to get an NDO from “reason to believe” to “more likely than not,” which would require the government to show that a denial of the NDO request would have a specific, adverse result.
The bill would also require the government to state in the NDO application whether the target is aware of the investigation and whether the target is suspected of committing the crime that is being investigated.
“This bill strikes the right balance between protecting Americans’ privacy and providing needed transparency while allowing judges to grant non-disclosure orders when necessary to protect others from harm or preserve an ongoing investigation,” Lee stated.
The bill passed the House unanimously in just 10 days, but the Senate is likely to act much slower. As an example, the bill requiring TikTok to be sold by its Chinese parent company or be banned in the U.S. passed the House in eight days but currently has no clear path forward in the Senate.