Nearly 2,000 U.S. colleges and universities have made the SAT and ACT optional for admission. However, Dartmouth University recently announced that it is reinstating the requirement of submitting ACT and SAT scores for admission. The renewed requirement will begin for the class of 2029.

Dartmouth’s decision to reinstate standardized testing requirements is going against the grain. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of schools ditching the standardized tests has increased to 1,900. So far, more than 80% of four-year schools no longer require the assessments, according to Inside Higher Ed.

However, schools had already started to move away from standardized tests prior to the pandemic over concerns of inequities for students in historically marginalized communities. Racial inequity concerns combined with testing centers closing during the pandemic prompted the number of schools scrapping the ACT and SAT to surge.

Dartmouth, like many other schools, suspended the ACT and SAT exams in June of 2020, during the height of COVID. University officials said at the time, the “test optional” policy was a “short-term practice rather than an indefinite policy.”

Now, some schools like Dartmouth are bringing back their pre-COVID requirements, citing research that shows the tests better forecast how a student will do in their first year of college.

Dartmouth researchers said the data shows standardized test scores are “highly predictive of academic achievement at Dartmouth.” The data also suggests that GPA and SAT scores maintain a linear relationship.

However, not everyone in academia agrees with the requirement.

The entire University of California system does not consider the ACT or SAT when reviewing applicants over concerns of racial bias. In a 2021 settlement, the state agreed to end the use of standardized test scores to broaden access for minorities and students with disabilities. The 2019 lawsuit alleged that by using the ACT and SAT scores for admissions, it discriminates against applicants on the basis of their race, wealth, and disability, according to The New York Times.

On top of racial discrimination concerns, research by the University of Chicago argues that standardized testing is obsolete. The authors of the study contend standardized exam scores are “weak” indicators of graduation, and course grades are more “critical indicators” of academic performance in college.

Despite the criticism of standardized testing, the Wall Street Journal reported that 17 states have elected to use either the ACT or SAT to meet high school testing requirements to comply with federal law.

The debate over standardized testing doesn’t appear to be going anywhere. The New York Times reported that some university administrators are wondering if ditching the tests was a mistake.

Robert May, a professor at the University of California, told the Times that the elimination of the testing requirement in California would only add confusion and significant costs to the admissions process and make acceptance even more subjective in the short term.

Universities adopting the practice of “testing optional” or “test free” admissions comes as more high school teachers are handing out better grades. However, better grades are not translating to higher test scores, according to the College Board, which administers the SAT.

From 1998 to 2017, researchers with the College Board found that the proportion of high school seniors graduating with an “A” average grew by more than 8%, while SAT scores fell by 24 points, according to the USA Today.

ACT researchers also found similar results. Researchers found that from 2010 to 2021, GPAs for high school seniors rose from 3.17 to 3.36. The greatest inflation was seen between 2018 and 2021. During that same time period, ACT scores remained stagnant or fell.

MIT also announced it is bringing back its standardized testing requirements for first year and transfer students.

“Just getting A’s is not enough information for us to know whether students are going to succeed or not,” MIT Dean of Admission Stuart Schmill told The New York Times.